Halacha Summary Page

There are 1239 halachos of the type you requested.

	Topic	Halacha Number	Halacha
401	Producing Sounds	839	One may not produce a rhythmic sound even with one's own limbs on Shabbos, as where one claps or snaps the fingers, unless one is doing it in celebration of a Mitzva, such as singing for the joy of Shabbos. One may also do it with a shinui, such as clapping one hand on the back of the other or clapping with only one hand instead of two (joke).
402	Producing Sounds	838	As long as one doesn't beat out a specific rhythm, one may tap a bottle or glass on Shabbos with a spoon, for example, to silence a party of guests. One may also rap on the door with a key to attract attention on the inside or bang two pots together to wake someone up. However, one should not bang on the table with a spoon in time to a tune.
403	Producing Sounds	837	Because of the prohibition of producing sounds with an instrument designed for that purpose, a shofar is muktza on Shabbos and may not be blown, even on Rosh Hashana. If Rosh Hashana does not fall out on Shabbos the shofar is sounded and may be handled even after fulfilling the mitzvah. On other Yomim-Tovim, the shofar may not be blown and is muktza.
404	Producing Sounds	836	On Shabbos, one must not produce any sound, even a sound that is not musical, with an instrument designed for that purpose. Such an instrument is muktza. One is therefore prohibited from using whistles, tuning forks or bells on Shabbos, and they are all muktza.
405	Watches and Clocks	835	One is not allowed to stop the ringing of an electric alarm clock on Shabbos. One may stop a mechanically run alarm on Shabbos. Stopwatches and sandglasses may not be used on Shabbos, except when one needs them for a person who is ill (even if not dangerously ill). This need could arise if, for instance, one has to feed a patient or administer medicine at regular intervals.
406	Watches and Clocks	834	A wrist watch which is wound automatically by movement of the hand may be worn, provided it is going. One must not put it on while it is not going. This applies even to a gold watch which serves as an ornament, since, in putting it on, one is bound to wind it up by the movements one makes. Consequently, such a watch which stops working is muktza, even if it is made of gold.
407	Watches and Clocks	833	If a wristwatch stops on Shabbos while one is wearing it and becomes muktza, and one is in a place where it is liable to get stolen if left, one may take it to a safe place and put it down there (if there is an Eruv). Wall clocks are muktza and may not be moved even while going.
408	Watches and Clocks	832	A gold watch which one does not normally remove from one's hand, even when it is not working, is considered to be an ornament and it may be handled in the usual way on Shabbos even if it has stopped going. One may not press the buttons of an electronic watch on Shabbos. If one cannot tell the time without pressing a button that causes it to light up, then it is muktzah.
409	Watches and Clocks	831	A wristwatch, a pocket-watch and an alarm clock are not muktza on Shabbos while they are operating, and may be handled, even if they are battery operated. However, a watch or clock which is not working is muktza, even if it was simply not wound up before Shabbos.
410	Watches and Clocks	830	One may adjust the hands of a watch or clock on Shabbos to set it to the correct time, but, if it is a chiming clock or an alarm clock, only in the event that one is certain it will not chime or ring while being reset. Subject to the same condition, the hands of a wall clock may be adjusted, although the clock itself should not be moved.
411	Watches and Clocks	829	Winding a watch or clock is forbidden on Shabbos, even while it is still going. On yom-tov sheini shel galuyot one may wind a watch or clock which is still going, so long as the winding is for use on the same day.
412	Stationary	828	Letters and documents may be folded on Shabbos, either into their original folds or into new folds, but one should not fold paper to make toys or other objects. Similarly, one should not fold table napkins into special shapes. They may be folded in half or in quarters for neatness. One is not allowed to wrap the binding of a book in paper on Shabbos, by folding the paper around each cover to make it fit.
413	Stationary	827	On Shabbos, one must not make any mark on a page, even with one's fingernail, to indicate up to where on the page one has read or to denote a word which requires correction after Shabbos. Paper clips are permitted to be used on Shabbos.
414	Stationary	826	A telephone directory is muktzah on Shabbos. Nevertheless, one may use it to look up an address that one needs for Shabbos.
415	Stationary	825	It is forbidden on Shabbos to sort books with the object of putting them into their proper places on the bookshelf. It is permitted to clear the table of books by picking them up one by one and putting each book back into its proper place as it comes to hand, as long as one's intention is only to clear and not to sort.
416	Stationary	824	It is permissible to use a card index on Shabbos, assuming the cards contain permissible material (unrelated to business and the like). Taking a wrong card into one's hand, in the course of looking for a card one needs, and putting it back in its place do not amount to a violation of the prohibition against selection. Where one has taken a card out, one may search for its proper place in the index in order to replace it.
417	Stationary	823	If a notebook is partly empty, then, if the written pages are of some importance to one and one sometimes reads them, it is permitted to move the notebook on Shabbos even though it has blank pages as well. However, it is best to refrain from leafing through the unused sheets. If, however, one attaches no importance whatever to what is written and does not read it, one should not handle the notebook at all.
418	Stationary	822	A file whose contents consist of commercial documents and letters, account and other papers should not be handled on Shabbos at all. An empty notebook (exercise book) is also muktza on Shabbos.
419	Stationary	821	Blank sheets of paper in a file are on Shabbos. If the other papers in the file are of some importance and one sometimes reads them, then the presence of the blank sheets does not prohibit one from handling those other papers, one may move the whole file and one may even turn over the blank sheets in order to reach a document one requires. If the other papers are not of any importance and one does not read them, one should treat the whole file as .
420	Stationary	820	Pages that have fallen out of a book on Shabbos must not be sorted unless one plans to read them right away. One may open and close the metal rings of a loose-leaf file holding documents that are not muktza. Nevertheless, sorting the documents is prohibited unless one�is about�to peruse them right away.
421	Stationary	819	It is generally forbidden to move the following documents on Shabbos, since they are 1) business letters; 2) building plans; 3) accounts; 4) passports; 5) identity certificates. If one is accustomed to using one's identity certificate, as in a time of emergency, one may handle it on Shabbos.
422	Stationary	818	One may open an envelope on Shabbos by removing the staples with which it is sealed. The same applies to a magazine or booklet which has been stapled together for transmission by post. However, it is prohibited to remove staples from pages which have been permanently stapled together. It is also prohibited to use a stapler to seal an envelope or join pages together.
423	Stationary	817	One should not open a sealed envelope on Shabbos, nor should one open a letter which is itself sealed (i.e.not inside an envelope). One should not even tear the envelope open in a way which it cannot be reused. It is also forbidden to steam envelopes or letters open on Shabbos.
424	Stationary	816	It is the practice to allow the two halves of a torn page to be placed side by side on Shabbos to enable one to read what is written, if one has no other copy of the same book. This is the case even if there is lettering where the page is torn. However, one may not stick the torn parts of the pages together with adhesive tape.
425	Stationary	815	It is proper to adopt a strict attitude not to use on Shabbos a book that has written or printed inscriptions or pictures that are broken and reunited when the book is opened or closed. Many authorities though, take a lenient approach and allow such books to be opened and closed.
426	Stationary	814	One is not permitted on Shabbos to cut or tear apart pages of a book which were not properly cut through in binding. If the pages have become stuck together with glue or some other material, they may be separated, provided that they are stuck together in a place with no lettering. If they are stuck where there is lettering, it is forbidden to separate them since this would inevitably erase some of the letters.
427	Animals on Shabbos	813	It is forbidden to remove newly spawned fish from an aquarium on Shabbos to prevent larger fish from eating them. Yet it is permissible to ask a non-Jew to transfer them (together with some water) to another receptacle containing water.
428	Animals on Shabbos	812	One is permitted on Shabbos to request from a non-Jew to perform activities which are forbidden on Shabbos even by the Torah, if one's purpose is to save an animal from danger or to alleviate its suffering. A dog that has been run over and is barking with pain may be treated (in the manner we learned in the previous Halacha) but one is not allowed to kill it.
429	Animals on Shabbos	811	Even though the Rabbis restricted the taking of medicine or medical treatment for humans on Shabbos, these restrictions do not apply to the treatment of animals. One may therefore, feed medicine to an animal, administer an intramuscular injection to an animal and put ointment on an animal's wound. One must be careful though, not to spread the ointment. In general, one should take the advice of a qualified rabbi in these areas.
430	Animals on Shabbos	810	In general, one may not, in treating a sick�animal on Shabbos, perform any act which is forbidden, even if it is only a Rabbinical prohibition. Nonetheless, one may move an object which is for the purpose of providing an animal with medical treatment.
431	Animals on Shabbos	809	One may release an animal that has become trapped on Shabbos, but one should not touch the animal. There are cases in which the Rabbis permitted one to move an animal to prevent it from suffering. For example, one should consult with a competent�halachic authority for advice in how to proceed if an animal gives birth on Shabbos.
432	Animals on Shabbos	808	One must not completely close a box with flies inside it on Shabbos, because they will be trapped inside. If one drives off those flies he can see, one may close the box and is not obliged to examine it to make sure there are no more left inside. If one is in doubt if there are flies inside, one may close the box without examining it, provided he has no intention of catching flies.
433	Animals on Shabbos	807	If a bird flies into a house on Shabbos, one should not close the window of the house since this will trap the bird. If one wants to close the window because of the cold, one should try and drive the bird out first. Where this is not possible, one may close the window since his intention is not to catch the bird (and it is anyway not confined to a small area that makes it easy to catch).
434	Animals on Shabbos	806	One may not catch on Shabbos a domestic animal which has run away and would not return on its own at night. If a cow runs away and one is afraid it will become lost, one may chase it into a fenced off area, as�long as at least one door is left open, even if�that door�is at the far end of the yard.
435	Animals on Shabbos	805	One is not allowed to catch domestic animals on Shabbos that�are in the habit of escaping when one tries to catch them, and which return to their home or pen at night. However, if there is risk of loss or suffering to the animal and one cannot wait until after Shabbos, one may catch them. One should, however, try not to touch the animals since they are muktzah.
436	Animals on Shabbos	804	The prohibition against catching animals on Shabbos does not apply to those domestic animals, such as cows, sheep and hens, which are not in the habit of trying to escape when one catches them. One is permitted to drive such an animal into its pen, and one may then close the gate. At all events, one should not touch the animals, since they are .
437	Animals on Shabbos	803	It is generally forbidden to catch any animal on Shabbos. This includes catching birds, fish, insects and any other living creature. The prohibition includes catching with a trap, a snare or net, catching it with one's hand, closing the door of the house while an animal is inside, even though one's intention in so doing is merely to secure the house, and setting a dog on an animal in order to catch it.
438	Animals on Shabbos	802	On Shabbos, if the cage of birds is positioned that the birds are suffering, for example, due to strong sunlight, then one should, where possible, eliminate the cause of suffering by some permitted means, as by drawing the curtain across the window. However, where this possibility does not exist, one may move the cage.
439	Animals on Shabbos	801	A fish which has jumped out of an aquarium on Shabbos may be put back to prevent it from suffering, so long as there is reason to believe it will continue to live. There are however, authorities that forbid this. A fish which has died may be removed from the aquarium so that the other fish should not die, if a considerable financial loss is involved.
440	Animals on Shabbos	800	It is forbidden to change the water in an aquarium containing fish on Shabbos. If, however, it is necessary to add water every day, one may do so, even if the aquarium also contains aquatic plants. The reason is because the fish are dependant on man for their food, and adding water is in the same category of feeding them, since without additional water, they are liable to die.
441	Animals on Shabbos	799	On Shabbos, one may put food into the mouths of animals which have difficulty in taking food by themselves, but one must be careful not to move the animal while feeding it, since animals are mukzta.
442	Animals on Shabbos	798	Even though certain Shabbos prohibitions are permitted on Yom-Tov when preparing food, this is only if the food is for oneself or another Jew. However, one is not allowed to perform an activity which is forbidden on Shabbos when preparing food for an animal. Even transferring food from place to place without an Eruv is forbidden on Yom-Tov for an animal.
443	Animals on Shabbos	797	Dogs are in a special category, and one may put food in front of them on Shabbos, even if they are not dependent on man for their food. Likewise, one is allowed to put food in front of any animal which is hungry and cannot find anything to eat.
444	Animals on Shabbos	796	One is not allowed to feed animals or birds on Shabbos which are not dependent on man for their food, even if one's intention is simply to confer a benefit on the Almighty's creatures. In view of this, the custom of scattering grains or leftovers to the birds on Shabbos Shira is to be disapproved. Nonetheless, one may shake crumbs out of a tablecloth (in a place with an Eruv), even though the birds will eat them.
445	Animals on Shabbos	795	One may on Shabbos put food in front of animals or birds which are dependant on one for their food. Not only their owner, upon who they are dependant, but any person may feed them.
446	Animals on Shabbos	794	One may place on an animal on Shabbos something that the animal needs, as in the case of a rope to make sure it doesn't run away, a saddle cushion put on a donkey to keep it warm or a nose-bag worn by small calves who find it difficult to eat off the ground. One should take care though, not to lean on the animal when putting the item on.
447	Animals on Shabbos	793	One may remove from an animal, on Shabbos, an item which one needs, provided one does not move the animal in doing so. One may remove from an animal an item which is causing it pain, even if one moves the animal in doing so.
448	Animals on Shabbos	792	On is not allowed to use an animal on Shabbos. Consequently, one must not 1) ride on an animal, 2) hang on the side of an animal, 3) climb onto an animal, even without any intention of riding it, 4) place on an animal an item of which it has no need, 5) sit in a cart harnessed to an animal.
449	Animals on Shabbos	791	On Shabbos, one must not let one's animal go out into a place without an Eruv, wearing even an item which is designed to protect its physical well being, if that item is liable to fall off. The reason is that, if the item does drop off, one might come to pick it up and carry it.
450	Animals on Shabbos	790	An identification tag suspended from the neck of an animal is not regarded as an item which protects the physical well-being of the animal, since it doesn't actually protect the animal in and of itself. One may not, therefore, allow an animal to go out into a reshuth ha-rabbim (in a place without an Eruv) wearing such a tag. This is even the case where the law requires the animal to have an identification tag or disk. A tag that is stapled to an animals ear is permitted, since it cannot be removed.
451	Animals on Shabbos	789	An animal which needs to be kept on a leash to prevent it from running away may be taken out on a leash in (a public area without an ) on Shabbos, but a. the person holding it should take care that the leash does not hang down to within a (handbreadth) of the ground, b. the free end of the leash must not protrude a tefach or more from his hand, and c. he should beware not to lean against the animal when attaching the leash on .
452	Animals on Shabbos	788	We learned that one should not let one's animal go out in a reshus Harabim with a burden on its back. However, an item is considered as protecting the well being of the animal, like clothes for a human (and consequently permitted), if it: - directly protects the animal against the cold, - protects it from any other form of suffering, - guards against its running away and becoming lost, - or even keeps its wool clean.
453	Animals on Shabbos	787	An animal owned by a Jew is not allowed to be worked on Shabbos to do one of the 39 categories of activities forbidden to a Jew on Shabbos. For example, one should not let one's animal go out in a Reshus Harabim with a burden on its back. However, there is nothing wrong with the animal performing forbidden activity for its own benefit. One is, thus, allowed to put an animal out to pasture on Shabbos, even though it will be pulling up and eating grass from the ground. However, one should not do this with the intention of improving the land.
454	Plants & Trees	786	It is forbidden on Shabbos to walk in one's garden with the object of checking the state of the plants so as to determine what work has to be done there on the following day.
455	Plants & Trees	785	One is allowed to wrap a wet towel around a lulav on Yom-Tov, provided that the towel was made wet before Yom-Tov and one would normally not bother to wring out this towel if it became wet. One may not wet the towel on Yom-Tov. On Shabbos a lulav is muktza.
456	Plants & Trees	784	A lulav is considered like twigs that we learned about in the previous Halacha. Therefore, on Yom-Tov, one may put a lulav back into the water from which it was taken and one may add water to that which is already in the receptacle containing the lulav, but one may not change the water.
457	Plants & Trees	783	On Shabbos, one may not add to the water which has been in a vase full of flowers since before Shabbos. On Yom-Tov, water may be added. On both Shabbos and Yom-Tov, one is permitted to take flowers or twigs out of the water, as long as they have not put out roots into the water. The twigs may afterwards be replaced (in the same water), but not the flowers.
458	Plants & Trees	782	Flowers or twigs may not be put into a vase of water on Shabbos, even if they are not muktza (such as if they were put aside before Shabbos for decorating the house) and even if the water has been in the vase since before Shabbos.
459	Plants & Trees	781	Even though using a tree is prohibited on Shabbos, one may sit on a tree stump if it is less than three Vases are not on Shabbos and may be moved, even if they contain flowers or twigs and water.
460	Plants & Trees	780	On Shabbos, one may not gather fruits, leaves or branches which have fallen from a tree, even if they fell before Shabbos. If fruit has dropped before Shabbos in a place other than that in which it grew, for instance, into a courtyard, then, if it is scattered, one may pick up a little at a time, for immediate consumption, but not all together at once. If however, the fruit all fell in one place, one may collect them all at the same time. If the fruit became mixed with sand or fallen leaves, one should pick up only one fruit at a time and eat it right away.
461	Plants & Trees	779	Leaves, branches and even fruits are muktza on Shabbos if they fell off the tree on Shabbos, or if there is a doubt as to whether they fell off the tree on Shabbos or before. They are also muktza if a non-Jew picked them on Shabbos, even for his own use, or if one is not sure whether he picked them that day or previously.
462	Plants & Trees	778	One is permitted to smell flowers on Shabbos, even when they are still connected to the ground. One may even move them as long as they have flexile stalks which do not become stiff (even later) and one is careful not to detach them from the ground. On the other hand, one may not smell a fruit that is still on the tree, for fear that one may pick it to eat.
463	Plants & Trees	777	On Shabbos, it is permitted to sit or lie on grass. One is similarly allowed to spread a blanket or mat on a lawn and sit on that. One may even move grass which is connected to the ground to and fro, provided one takes care not to detach it.
464	Plants & Trees	776	On Shabbos, one should not tread on dry thistles which are still attached to the ground, because they will definitely break off. Any pieces of grass or vegetation that one finds stuck to one's shoes should not be removed in the normal way with one's hand, since they are muktza.
465	Plants & Trees	775	One is allowed to walk on a lawn on Shabbos, regardless of the possibility that one may thereby pull up or tear off clumps of grass. If the grass is long, one should walk slowly and should certainly not run, as one would be bound to tear off some grass in this way.
466	Plants & Trees	774	One may use a swing on Shabbos, which has been hanging from a pole attached to a tree since before Shabbos. One may dry one's hands on a towel that was hanging on a line strung between two trees since before Shabbos. However, one must not remove the towel from the line.
467	Plants & Trees	773	One may put things into, or take things out, of a coat or a basket which is hanging on a nail driven into a tree, if the coat or basket is hanging there from before Shabbos and if the tree will not sway as a result of this. This is permitted because one is not directly using the tree. One may not however, hang the coat or basket on the nail in the tree on Shabbos.
468	Plants & Trees	772	On Shabbos, one must not hang a swing from a pole which is fixed between two trees or which is fixed at one end to a tree and at the other end to a wall. One must not climb a ladder which is leaning against a tree, even if it has been in that position since before Shabbos.
469	Plants & Trees	771	On Shabbos, one may not put anything into, or take anything out of, a basket hanging on the trunk of a tree or on one of its branches. One must not put anything into, or take anything out of, the pockets of a coat hanging on a tree. One must not use a swing which is attached, even if on only one side, to a tree.
470	Plants & Trees	770	The Rabbis forbade one to put an object which is not muktza onto a tree before Shabbos if it is liable to be used on Shabbos. This is because one might come to "use" the tree by taking the object off of it on Shabbos. An object which was on a tree at the start of Shabbos and then fell off or was removed by a non-Jew, is muktza on Shabbos.
471	Plants & Trees	769	One may not use a tree on Shabbos or Yom-Tov. Therefore, one may not place anything on a tree or remove anything from it, whether with one's hand or with the aid of a stick. One may not tie a rope to a tree or hang a basket from its branches.
472	Plants & Trees	768	One must not climb a tree on Shabbos even if it is so firm that it does not move when one climbs on it (because using a tree is forbidden). If one did not know that what one was doing is forbidden, one is permitted, indeed one is obliged to come down immediately. If one knew when climbing that it was forbidden, one may not come down until after Shabbos.
473	Plants & Trees	767	One may touch a tree on Shabbos, but one may not move any part of it, since it is muktza. One is not allowed to lean against a tree, unless one does so only lightly (since using a tree is prohibited) and the tree must be so firm that one cannot move it. An infirm person should not lean against a tree at all, since in spite of himself, he will lean against it with all his weight.
474	Plants & Trees	766	It is forbidden to pick fruit from a tree which is attached to the ground on Shabbos, even if both the tree and its fruit have completely dried up. One is not allowed to detach something that is growing, even if it has no roots, like mushrooms or moss. If a branch was detached from its connection with the ground before Shabbos, one may pick the fruit.
475	Plants & Trees	765	One must not place a covering over plants on Shabbos in a nursery, or remove such a covering, since this is done to help plants grow. One may, however, open or close a door in order to enter or leave a hothouse or greenhouse.
476	Plants & Trees	764	Sprinklers may be turned on before the start of Shabbos, and left on over Shabbos, in order to irrigate a field or garden. Sprinklers may be turned off even on Shabbos.
477	Plants & Trees	763	If the outlet pipe of a sink or basin carries water away until it is discharged over sown ground, one may, nonetheless, wash one's hands in it or pour water into it on Shabbos. One need not worry about the watering of the seeds, providing this consequence is unintended. Likewise, one may urinate on growing grass or other vegetation, but one should take care not to spit on growing vegetation.
478	Plants & Trees	762	One who eats in his garden on Shabbos or Yom-Tov - a case in point is a person whose Sukkah is in the garden - should be careful to wash his hands in a receptacle of some kind. Also, dishes should not be washed in the garden, except inside a bowl. Drink remaining in the bottom of a cup should not be poured away onto the ground and rainwater which has collected in a receptacle left in the garden should not be poured onto the ground.
479	Plants & Trees	761	One is not allowed to water any plant on Shabbos, nor to pour water onto sown ground or onto ground which is going to be ploughed or sown, even if nothing is growing there at present. Consequently, it is better not to eat in one's garden on Shabbos when this entails drinking or using water or some other liquid which, were it to be spilled, would have an effect on the cultivation of the garden.
480	Plants & Trees	760	One may not put the pit of an avocado, or of another fruit, into a container of water on Shabbos, so that it should strike root and begin to sprout. It is also forbidden to take a pit of this kind out of a cup of water into which it has been put. The pit, the cup and the water in the cup are muktzah.
481	Plants & Trees	759	A flowerpot is muktza, whether or not it is perforated at the base, and should not be moved on Shabbos. One must not throw seeds or fruit pips onto moist earth on Shabbos. One must not throw them even onto dry earth, if it will be made wet by rain or other water (whether on Shabbos or afterwards).
482	Plants & Trees	758	It is forbidden to tend a plant or a tree on Shabbos or Yom-Tov in any way whatsoever. The prohibition applies as well to hydroponically grown plants or plants in a pot, even if the pot is not perforated at its base and is indoors.
483	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	757	One is permitted to remove glass splinters, a needle, a nail or any other muktza object from a place where people are liable to be injured by them. One may likewise scatter even muktza cinders or sand over oil or ice in the street, to prevent passers-by from slipping. (This is permitted even in a Carmilis, which most streets are, but not in a Reshus Harabim De'Oraysah)
484	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	756	It is forbidden on Shabbos to set a trap to catch mice, rats or similar pests or to put down poison in order to kill them. One may set a trap or put down poison before the beginning of Shabbos. If one finds a dead mouse in a place that disturbs him, he may remove it and throw it out despite the fact that it is Muktza.
485	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	755	One is allowed to spray insecticide in the room of a person who is sick or in a room with a child, in order to drive insects out, but one should make sure to leave a door or window open, so that the insects can escape and not to spray the insects themselves, since to kill them is forbidden, (besides in the cases mentioned in Halacha 749 and 751 above).
486	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	754	On Shabbos, one is not permitted to kill, catch or intentionally tread on (even in the course of walking) ants, flies and other insects which do not bite or sting human beings. One may also not swill water over them in such a way that they will be killed, nor spray or lay down poison to kill them. One may sprinkle or spray a designated substance that has a smell which will drive them away. One may also put down poison before the commencement of Shabbos.
487	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	753	Insects such as gnats or mosquitoes on Shabbos (which are liable to bite or sting but do not cause great pain), may be driven away but should not be caught on Shabbos. If they cannot be driven away and they are on the inner surface of one's clothes, one may pick them off (according to one less stringent Halachic view), however in no case may one kill them, even while they are biting. One may likewise not throw them into water, because this will certainly kill them.
488	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	752	With regard to insects such as gnats or mosquitoes on Shabbos, which are liable to bite or sting but do not cause great pain: While they are on one's body, one may pick them off and throw them aside, if it is impossible to remove them without catching them or picking them up.
489	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	751	If it is not possible to catch them, one may tread on them in the course of walking, even with the intention of killing them. (However, one must not kill them in such a way that other people will realize that this is one's intention). When they are pursuing someone and it is not possible to catch them, one may kill them even in the normal way.
490	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	750	In the case of animals and insects whose bite or sting causes considerable pain but is not fatal, one may put some kind of receptacle over them in order to catch them on Shabbos, even when they are not pursuing anyone (but one is afraid that they may bite or sting someone later).
491	Dangerous Nuisances and Health Hazards	749	One may, even on Shabbos, kill an animal or insect which is a danger to human life. This could include a mad dog, a snake which may be venomous, a scorpion (including the less dangerous black scorpion), even a wasp - when in the vicinity of a child, and specific types of insects where there is a risk that they may be a carrier of a dangerous disease. One may kill an animal or insect of this kind even if it is still far away from any human being, even if it is not pursuing anyone and even if it is in the process of escaping.
492	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	748	One is allowed on Shabbos to fix a curtain at both its top and bottom ends to a frame, for example, where it is intended to temporarily fill the place of a door which has come off its hinges, provided that the curtain will indeed remain in the frame only for a short time and that it is not attached with nails or tacks. One is also allowed to cover a shattered windowpane with a cloth (without tacks or nails), since it is not usual to leave a window covered in such a makeshift manner for any length of time.
493	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	747	The Torah prohibits the erection of a permanent partition on Shabbos. Even fixing both the top and bottom of a curtain on to the frame of a portable screen is forbidden, if it is done to last for a few days or longer. (The size of the partition is not important).
494	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	746	A drawer one handbreadth or more deep, fitted under a table, should not be pulled completely out of the table on Shabbos and, if it is completely out, should not be replaced.
495	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	745	On Shabbos, one may extend and decrease the size of a table by raising or lowering flaps or by inserting or extracting an additional leaf, even by means of pins which insert into corresponding holes in the table. By contrast, one may not assemble or dismantle a child's crib or cot made up of separate sections or a camp bed which is held together by pegs or pins which have to be driven into position. (The difference is that in this case, the construction is more rigid and permanent than in the case of the table.)
496	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	744	On Shabbos one may open and close a folding chair, a folding bed, a folding table and a folding playpen. This is because each of these items is opened and closed as a matter of course and because its parts are all connected as one unit. One may not attach a sunshade to a deck chair. One may open and close a sunshade which was attached to the deck chair before Shabbos.
497	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	743	As we have learned, it is forbidden to erect a tent on Shabbos. However, if the tent has been standing from before Shabbos, one may let down its walls and secure them at the bottom (in a permitted manner, such as a loop over a hook) to prevent them from flapping in the wind. However, this may only be done if it is usual for the walls in question to be unfastened and raised at frequent intervals (and not only once every few days).
498	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	742	Even though opening and closing an umbrella is forbidden on Shabbos, one may open and close a garden sunshade which was fixed in the ground before Shabbos. One may also open and close an awning over a balcony, porch or a shop window.
499	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	741	The Halachic authorities saw fit to extend the prohibition of erecting shelters on Shabbos to the opening of umbrellas as well. One should not open them, nor fold them up. One should not use them even if they were open before Shabbos, and even in a place with an Eiruv.
500	Erecting Shelters and Partitions	740	The hood of a baby carriage that was attached on Shabbos, even in a permitted manner, such as by slots or press studs, should not be opened on that day. The roof of a Sukkah which is attached to its sides by hinges may be opened and closed on Shabbos.